The first partition of bengal in 1905 brought that province to the brink of open rebellion. The bengal partition of 1947, as joya chatterjee has pointed out, was. Communalism found different interpretations down the ages. Whereas previous studies of the end of british rule in india have concentrated on the negotiations of the transfer of power at the allindia level or have considered the emergence of separatist politics amongst indias muslim minorities, this study provides a reevaluation of the history of bengal focusing on the political and social processes that led to the demand for. Prior to the partition of british india, the lahore resolution initially envisaged separate muslimmajority states in the eastern and northwestern zones of british india. How did partition change the religious map in bengal. The western part with predominantly hindu population became a part of india west bengal, while the predominantly muslim eastern part east bengal became a. In 1955, east bengal became east pakistan, and in 1971 became the independent state of bangladesh. The partition of bengal in 1947, part of the partition of india, was a partition that divided the british indian province of bengal between india and pakistan, with west bengal becoming a province of india and east bengal becoming a province of pakistan. The line drawn by lord curzons government, however, cut through the. The partition separated the largely muslim eastern areas from the largely hindu western areas on 16 october 1905 after being announced on 20 july 1905 by the viceroy of india of that period lord curzon. Only 344,000 bengali hindus moved into western bengal in 1947.
Dec 04, 2019 icse solutions for class 10 history and civics the partition of bengal icse solutionsselina icse solutions provides icse solutions for class 10 history and civics chapter 11 the partition of bengal for icse board examinations. Jan 11, 2016 prior to the partition of british india, the lahore resolution initially envisaged separate muslimmajority states in the eastern and northwestern zones of british india. The bhadralok class idolized the idea of golden bengal. Partition of bengal 1905 and muslim league 1906 muhammad hamza shafqaat paritition partition of bengal, 1905effected on 16 october during the viceroyalty oflord curzon18991905, proved to be a momentous event in the history of modern bengal. The loss of bengal orrissa, bihar and bengal to lord clive was a the beginning of the decline of muslims power.
Partition of bengal background bengal was the biggest province with a population of 78 million. However, the bengali hindus continued to fight and the resentment lasted until the end of british rule which ended in 1947 with the second partition of bengal. This remarkable book by an acknowledged expert on the subject assesses the social, economic and political consequences of partition. Lord curzon was the viceroy of india from 1899 to 1905. Bengal divided relates how a large and powerful section of hindu society in bengal insisted that their province be divided to create a separate hindu homeland. Partition agitations and the role of the ulama ever since the constitution of assam as the chief commissioners province in 1874, the presidency ofbengal comprised ofbengal proper, bihar and orissa and chota nagpur. When partition came in 1947, east bengal had a sizeable hindu population.
Chatterjis first section, hopes and fears, provides the nuts and bolts of how and why bengal was partitioned in 1947. Partition of bengal 1947 27 01 2010 while the research about the partition of bengal, despite its relative recent occurence in 1947 is proving much more difficult than earlier anticipated, i have thoroughly managed to vet and critically assess the potential usefulness of three major specific sources in expanding wikipedias historical stub. Predominantly hindu west bengal became a state of india, and predominantly muslim east bengal now bangladesh became a province of pakistan. Bengali muslims were greatly benefited from the partition.
After gaining independence from british raj, india was to be divided into. India and pakistan won independence in august 1947, following a. Partition of bengal 1905 facts and general knowledge. Jun 06, 2002 whereas previous studies of the end of british rule in india have concentrated on the negotiations of the transfer of power at the allindia level or have considered the emergence of separatist politics amongst indias muslim minorities, this study provides a reevaluation of the history of bengal focusing on the political and social processes that led to the demand for partition in bengal and. Aug 06, 2015 partition of bengal 1905 and its annulment in 1911 bengal, bihar and orissa had formed a single province under british india since 1765. Bengals traditional industries, once worldwide celebrated, largely decayed in the first half of the nineteenth century. It included majority of the eastern and north eastern states. To understand the sociopolitical effect of partition in bengal in 1906, a first hand im pression of the term communalism calls forth our attention. The partition of bengal 1905 study material exams daily. Bangladesh is part of the historic province of bengal which was. Partition of bengal, 1905, division of bengal carried out by the british viceroy in india, lord curzon, despite strong indian nationalist opposition. In 1947, bengal was partitioned for the second time, solely on religious grounds, as part of the partition of india following the formation of the nations india and pakistan. Nov 20, 2009 partition of bengal 1905 slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Reaction the hindus launched an intensive movement against the partition of bengal.
Bengal and india, 194767 by joya chatterji cambridge university press, 342pp. The picture which emerges is one of a fragmented society moving away from the mainstream of indian nationalism, and increasingly preoccupied with more parochial concerns. First lets see how the bengal province was back then. After the british crushed the sepoy rebellion of 1875, they dissolved the east india company and took direct control of the province. The indian independence act 1947 partitioned british india bringing an end of the british raj.
The partition and the muslim minorities of west bengal. The partition of india the british divided and quit india in 1947. In the first decade of the twentieth century, the partition of bengal started to create the strong national movement of the extremists in india. The idea of partitioning bengal did not originate with curzon. The bengal partition,background,partition,political crisis. The partition of india was the division of the presidencies and provinces of british india conceived under the twonation theory that resulted in formation of two independent dominions, india and pakistan, in the british commonwealth of nations. Partition of bengal 1905 is also known as banga vanga andolon in india. In 1947 east bengal and the dominion of pakistan were separated from presentday republic of india and thus formed a new birth of country named pakistan.
Administrative convenience was cited as the reason for the partition of bengal. The partition of india and the creation of pakistan uprooted entire communities and left unspeakableviolenceinitstrail. The new set up was to put an end to their superior political position and their political dominance over the muslims will end. The partition of bengal in 1947, part of the partition of india, divided the british indian province. The main reason for the partition of india in 1947 was to put a stop to the constant struggles and violent outbursts between hindus and muslims. Myriad kingdoms and principalities of ancient eastern india had been always changing in their extent and influences until a transbengal political unity was achieved by the husain shahi rulers under the imperial banner of shahi bangala. Migrants, refugees, citizens in india and pakistan, 194765.
The provinces of bengal and assam were reconstituted to form two provinces of manageable sizewest bengal, with a population of 54 million 42 million hindus and 18. During the 1947 india partition, why bengal was not made an. Icse solutions for class 10 history and civics the. The partition and the muslim minorities of west bengal, 1947. Saga of bengal partition 69 speaking areas in east bengal and assam was a big jolt.
The whole province was under one lieutenant governor who could not look after the administrative requirements of such a vast area alone. The partition of india led to the partition of bengal 1947 dividing the british indian province of bengal into two. British control extended from eastern bengal across the entire ganges. The historiography on the partition of bengal has tended to see it as a culmination of long term trends hindu and muslim communalism within the province. Partition of bengal 1905 and its annulment in 1911 bengal, bihar and orissa had formed a single province under british india since 1765. Partition of bengal to khilafat movement copy free download as powerpoint presentation. Why did british annul the partition of bengal in 1911. They viewed it as a sinister design to weaken bengal which was the vanguard of the struggle for independence. One can count on dr asok mitra to say things that very few dare to say and most do not even notice or perceive. View partition of bengal research papers on academia. It began a transformation of the indian national congress from a middleclass pressure group into a nationwide mass movement.
Inherited memories bengal partition goetheinstitut. Muslim support lost, hindu support not regained, hindu resistance not. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. What was the reason behind the partition of bengal 1905. Partition of bengal finding the bengal presidency too large for one governor to administer, in 1905, the british decided to redraw its boundaries and divide it into two parts. Inspite of the separation of assam which had taken with it the bengali. There were three pa11itions in 1947of british india and of the provinces of bengal and punjabthat created the new nationstates of. In 1947, bengal was partitioned for the second time, solely on religious grounds as part of the partition of india following the formation of the nations india and pakistan. Why khulna became part of bangladesh is explained in joya chatterjis book, spoils of partition. Feb 01, 2010 partition of bengal 1947 first draft 1 02 2010 the partition of bengal in 1947, part of the partition of india, was a partition that divided the british indian province of bengal between india and pakistan, with west bengal becoming a province of india and east bengal becoming a province of pakistan. Predominantly hindu west bengal became a state of india, and predominantly muslim east bengal now bangladesh became a province of pakistan on 20 june 1947, the bengal legislative assembly meet to decide the. This essay offers a counter narrative to the inevitability of the partition by focusing on bengali public discourse in the months leading up to the partition. Finally, the paper will emphasize the impact of the 1947 partition by discussing. Jan 23, 2014 why khulna became part of bangladesh is explained in joya chatterjis book, spoils of partition.
That geographically contiguous units are demarcated into regions which sho. Predominantly hindu west bengal became a province of india, and predominantly muslim east bengal now bangladesh became a province of pakistan. In bengal, partition frustrated the plans and purposes of the very groups that had demanded it. Partition of bengal essay example for free newyorkessays database with more than 65000 college essays for studying. The first partition of bengal was in 1905, which was implemented to make administrating and governing easy for the britishers. Jun 28, 2018 the partition of india led to the partition of bengal 1947 dividing the british indian province of bengal into two. Her areas of interests are displacement and forced. Partition of bengal, 1947 latest major change in the political geography of bengal. We provide step by step solutions for icse history and civics class 10 solutions pdf. The partition of bengal in 1947, part of the partition of india, divided the british indian province of bengal based on the radcliffe line between india and pakistan. The western part with predominantly hindu population became a part of india west bengal, while the predominantly muslim eastern part east bengal became a part of pakistan. During the 1947 india partition, why bengal was not made. East bengal became east pakistan, and in 1971 became the independent state of bangladesh after a successful war of independence with west pakistan in the partition of. To understand the sociopolitical effect of partition in bengal in 1906, a first hand impression of the term communalism calls forth our attention.
But, in the second half, a series of new industries came up on modern rails. The partition of india in 1947 was a seminal event of the twentieth century. But, in 1911 bengal was reunited in an effort to appease the bengali sentiment. At that time, bengal was the largest province of british india. Much has been written about the punjab and the creation of west pakistan. Before the partition of bengal the hindus enjoyed dominant position in the political sphere of the province over the muslims. The partition of the bengal province came into effect during his viceroyalty on 16 th october 1905.
The western part of the bengal province became the state of west bengal and remained with india, whereas the eastern part of bengal became east pakistan. In 1955, east bengal became east pakistan, and in 1971 became the independent state of bangladesh after a successful war of independence with west pakistan. Bengali muslims have been through three partitions since the start of this century. Violent punjab, quiescent bengal, and the partition of india. This article talks about the partition of bengal, 1905 and the causes, effects and outcomes of the partition.
Partition of bengal calcutta in west bengal was becoming stronghold of congress politics, threat of launching national movement against british rule, it was important to counter the growing influence of hindus, decision of partition thus important. Bengal and india, 194767 one of the reasons was that the bengal congress leadership wanted bengal to be partitioned in such a way that it would be easiest for them to retain power in the truncated state of west bengal. United bengal scheme geographic details of partition refugee crisis other social impactiball 20. It highlights the considerations and compromises that produced the final dividing line between east and west bengal, a division that, she argues, resulted just as much, if not more, from the efforts of local hindu. Cbse and icse students maths, science, sst, computer and other all subjective knowledge at one place so just subscribe it and share it to all educational group. Download partition of bengal 1905 notes pdf from the link given below. The partition separated the largely muslim eastern areas from the largely hindu western areas on 16 october 1905 after being announced on 20 july 1905 by the. Partition of bengal to khilafat movement copy all india.
About 344,000 refugees came into west bengal, many of them middleclass people who had jobs in west bengal or some family connections. The partition, with the power transferred officially to pakistan and india on august 1415, 1947, was done. But the partition of india instead sparked mass riots and a wave of migration with the after effects of. Jan 27, 2010 partition of bengal 1947 27 01 2010 while the research about the partition of bengal, despite its relative recent occurence in 1947 is proving much more difficult than earlier anticipated, i have thoroughly managed to vet and critically assess the potential usefulness of three major specific sources in expanding wikipedias historical stub. But the east and west provinces were on either side of india and separated by 930 miles 1,500 km. There were a possibility of east bengle current bangladeshwhole of west bengle and assam become a single country but due to the objection from hindu leaders it didnt materialized. Partition of bengal, 1905 effected on 16 october during the viceroyalty of lord curzon 18991905, proved to be a momentous event in the history of modern bengal. Icse solutions for class 10 history and civics the partition of bengal icse solutionsselina icse solutions provides icse solutions for class 10 history and civics chapter 11 the partition of bengal for icse board examinations. Bangladesh simple english wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. The muslim minority of india thought about couple of muslim country from muslim dominated area,so there might be east bengle too. Myriad kingdoms and principalities of ancient eastern india. Figure 1 bengals partition of 1947 and pakistans partition of 1971. The british recognized that bengal, with some 85 million people, was much too large for a single province and determined that it merited reorganization and intelligent division.
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